National Security Service (Turkey)

The National Security Service  (Milli Emniyet Hizmeti, or MAH) was the governmental intelligence organization of Turkey between 1926 and 1965, when it was replaced by the National Intelligence Organization (Millî İstihbarat Teşkilâtı, MİT).

It was established at a time when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was purging Union and Progress elements, including the Sentinel Association and the Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa intelligence organizations. The first director of the MAH was M. Şükrü Âli Ögel.

During World War II, Turkey saw increased espionage by British, Soviet and German operatives and sympathizers. The MAH learned that the Germany would not attempt to invade Turkey, allowing the İnönü administration to resist mounting Allied pressure to declare war on Germany. (British efforts to get Turkey as an ally against Germany are a central element of Eric Ambler's classic spy thriller Journey Into Fear, published in 1940, in which a fictional head of the MAH, Colonel Haki, plays an important role.)

The MAH received financial support from the CIA.