Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979

The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (the ASIO Act) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia establishing the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) as the counter-intelligence and security agency of Australia. Established in 1949 by Prime Minister Ben Chifley's Directive for the Establishment and Maintenance of a Security Service under the executive power of the Constitution, the ASIO Act converted the Organisation into a statutory body under the control of the Director-General of Security and responsible to the Attorney-General.

The Director-General of Security
The ASIO Act establishes the office of Director-General of Security and places the Organisation under the Director-General's control.

Officers of the organisation
Officers of the Organisation are employed under the ASIO Act, and are classed as Officers of the Commonwealth for the purposes of the Crimes Act 1914, which among other provisions makes impersonating an ASIO officer a criminal offence. The ASIO Act also makes the identification of ASIO officers a criminal offence punishable by one year imprisonment.

Special investigative powers
The ASIO Act defines the special investigative powers available to the Organisation under warrant signed by the Attorney-General:
 * interception of telecommunications;
 * examination of postal and delivery articles;
 * use of clandestine surveillance and tracking devices;
 * remote access to computers, including alteration of data to conceal that access;
 * covert entry to and search of premises, including the removal or copying of any record or thing found therein; and
 * conduct of an ordinary or frisk search of a person if they are at or near a premises specified in the warrant.

The Director-General also has the power to independently issue a warrant in situations where a warrant has been requested of the Attorney-General but not yet granted, and a serious security situation arises.

Powers relating to investigation of terrorism
When investigating terrorism, the Director-General may also seek a warrant from an independent judicial authority to allow:
 * the compulsory questioning of suspects;
 * the detention of suspects by the Australian Federal Police, and their subsequent interrogation by ASIO officers;
 * ordinary, frisk or strip search of suspects by AFP officers upon their detainment;
 * the seizure of passports; and
 * the prevention of suspects leaving Australia.

The Director-General is not empowered to independently issue a terrorism-related warrant. These terrorism-related powers are scheduled to be automatically repealed on 22 July 2016.

Offences
Criminal offences established under the ASIO Act include:
 * Unauthorised communication of ASIO intelligence by an officer, employee or other person connected with the Organisation - Penalty: 2 years' imprisonment
 * Failure by an operator of an aircraft or vessel to answer questions from, and/or provide documents to, an ASIO officer relating to cargo, crew, passengers, stores or voyage - Penalty: 60 penalty units
 * Unauthorised publication of identity of officer, employee or agent of the Organisation - Penalty: 1 year's imprisonment